Reconciling reported and unreported HFC emissions with atmospheric observations
Identifieur interne : 000025 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000024; suivant : 000026Reconciling reported and unreported HFC emissions with atmospheric observations
Auteurs : Mark F. Lunt [Royaume-Uni] ; Matthew Rigby [Royaume-Uni] ; Anita L. Ganesan [Royaume-Uni] ; Alistair J. Manning [Royaume-Uni] ; Ronald G. Prinn ; Simon O Oherty [Royaume-Uni] ; Jens Mühle ; Christina M. Harth ; Peter K. Salameh ; Tim Arnold [Royaume-Uni] ; Ray F. Weiss ; Takuya Saito [Japon] ; Yoko Yokouchi [Japon] ; Paul B. Krummel [Australie] ; L. Paul Steele [Australie] ; Paul J. Fraser [Australie] ; Shanlan Li ; Sunyoung Park [Corée du Sud] ; Stefan Reimann [Suisse] ; Martin K. Vollmer [Suisse] ; Chris Lunder [Norvège] ; Ove Hermansen [Norvège] ; Norbert Schmidbauer [Norvège] ; Michela Maione [Italie] ; Jgor Arduini [Italie] ; Dickon Young [Royaume-Uni] ; Peter G. Simmonds [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 0027-8424 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are among the atmosphere’s fastest growing, and most potent, greenhouse gases. Proposals have been made to phase down their use over the coming decades. Such initiatives may largely be informed by existing emissions inventories, which, we show, are the subject of significant uncertainty. In this work, we use atmospheric models and measurements to examine the accuracy of these inventories for five major HFCs. We show that, when aggregated together, reported emissions of these HFCs from developed countries are consistent with the atmospheric measurements, and almost half of global emissions now originate from nonreporting countries. However, the agreement between our results and the inventory breaks down for individual HFC emissions, suggesting inaccuracies in the reporting methods for individual compounds.
Url:
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420247112
PubMed: 25918401
PubMed Central: 4434701
Affiliations:
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Lunt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Chemistry,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1TS,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rigby, Matthew" sort="Rigby, Matthew" uniqKey="Rigby M" first="Matthew" last="Rigby">Matthew Rigby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Chemistry,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1TS,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganesan, Anita L" sort="Ganesan, Anita L" uniqKey="Ganesan A" first="Anita L." last="Ganesan">Anita L. 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Harth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Scripps Institution of Oceanography,<institution>University of California, San Diego</institution>, La Jolla,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 92093;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salameh, Peter K" sort="Salameh, Peter K" uniqKey="Salameh P" first="Peter K." last="Salameh">Peter K. Salameh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Scripps Institution of Oceanography,<institution>University of California, San Diego</institution>, La Jolla,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 92093;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnold, Tim" sort="Arnold, Tim" uniqKey="Arnold T" first="Tim" last="Arnold">Tim Arnold</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Hadley Centre,<institution>Met Office</institution>, Exeter EX1 3PB,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, Ray F" sort="Weiss, Ray F" uniqKey="Weiss R" first="Ray F." last="Weiss">Ray F. Weiss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Scripps Institution of Oceanography,<institution>University of California, San Diego</institution>, La Jolla,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 92093;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saito, Takuya" sort="Saito, Takuya" uniqKey="Saito T" first="Takuya" last="Saito">Takuya Saito</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Centre for Environmental Measurement and Analysis,<institution>National Institute for Environmental Studies</institution>, Tsukuba 305-8506,<country>Japan</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yokouchi, Yoko" sort="Yokouchi, Yoko" uniqKey="Yokouchi Y" first="Yoko" last="Yokouchi">Yoko Yokouchi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Centre for Environmental Measurement and Analysis,<institution>National Institute for Environmental Studies</institution>, Tsukuba 305-8506,<country>Japan</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krummel, Paul B" sort="Krummel, Paul B" uniqKey="Krummel P" first="Paul B." last="Krummel">Paul B. Krummel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research,<institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation</institution>, Aspendale, VIC 3195,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steele, L Paul" sort="Steele, L Paul" uniqKey="Steele L" first="L. Paul" last="Steele">L. Paul Steele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research,<institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation</institution>, Aspendale, VIC 3195,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, Paul J" sort="Fraser, Paul J" uniqKey="Fraser P" first="Paul J." last="Fraser">Paul J. Fraser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research,<institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation</institution>, Aspendale, VIC 3195,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Shanlan" sort="Li, Shanlan" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shanlan" last="Li">Shanlan Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff7">Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Sunyoung" sort="Park, Sunyoung" uniqKey="Park S" first="Sunyoung" last="Park">Sunyoung Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Oceanography,<institution>Kyungpook National University</institution>, Sangju 742-711,<country>Republic of Korea</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reimann, Stefan" sort="Reimann, Stefan" uniqKey="Reimann S" first="Stefan" last="Reimann">Stefan Reimann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology,<institution>Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology</institution>, Dübendorf 8600,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollmer, Martin K" sort="Vollmer, Martin K" uniqKey="Vollmer M" first="Martin K." last="Vollmer">Martin K. Vollmer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology,<institution>Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology</institution>, Dübendorf 8600,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lunder, Chris" sort="Lunder, Chris" uniqKey="Lunder C" first="Chris" last="Lunder">Chris Lunder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Norwegian Institute for Air Research</institution>, 2027 Kjeller,<country>Norway</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hermansen, Ove" sort="Hermansen, Ove" uniqKey="Hermansen O" first="Ove" last="Hermansen">Ove Hermansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Norwegian Institute for Air Research</institution>, 2027 Kjeller,<country>Norway</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidbauer, Norbert" sort="Schmidbauer, Norbert" uniqKey="Schmidbauer N" first="Norbert" last="Schmidbauer">Norbert Schmidbauer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Norwegian Institute for Air Research</institution>, 2027 Kjeller,<country>Norway</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maione, Michela" sort="Maione, Michela" uniqKey="Maione M" first="Michela" last="Maione">Michela Maione</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff11">Department of Basic Science and Foundations,<institution>University of Urbino</institution>, Urbino 61029,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution>National Inter-University Consortium for Physics of the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere</institution>, Tolentino 62029,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arduini, Jgor" sort="Arduini, Jgor" uniqKey="Arduini J" first="Jgor" last="Arduini">Jgor Arduini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff11">Department of Basic Science and Foundations,<institution>University of Urbino</institution>, Urbino 61029,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution>National Inter-University Consortium for Physics of the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere</institution>, Tolentino 62029,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Dickon" sort="Young, Dickon" uniqKey="Young D" first="Dickon" last="Young">Dickon Young</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Chemistry,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1TS,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simmonds, Peter G" sort="Simmonds, Peter G" uniqKey="Simmonds P" first="Peter G." last="Simmonds">Peter G. Simmonds</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Chemistry,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1TS,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25918401</idno><idno type="pmc">4434701</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4434701</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4434701</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1420247112</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000017</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000017</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000016</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000804</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000804</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000804</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0027-8424:2015:Lunt M:reconciling:reported:and</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000024</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000025</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000025</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Reconciling reported and unreported HFC emissions with atmospheric observations</title><author><name sortKey="Lunt, Mark F" sort="Lunt, Mark F" uniqKey="Lunt M" first="Mark F." last="Lunt">Mark F. Lunt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Chemistry,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1TS,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rigby, Matthew" sort="Rigby, Matthew" uniqKey="Rigby M" first="Matthew" last="Rigby">Matthew Rigby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Chemistry,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1TS,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ganesan, Anita L" sort="Ganesan, Anita L" uniqKey="Ganesan A" first="Anita L." last="Ganesan">Anita L. Ganesan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Chemistry,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1TS,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manning, Alistair J" sort="Manning, Alistair J" uniqKey="Manning A" first="Alistair J." last="Manning">Alistair J. Manning</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Hadley Centre,<institution>Met Office</institution>, Exeter EX1 3PB,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prinn, Ronald G" sort="Prinn, Ronald G" uniqKey="Prinn R" first="Ronald G." last="Prinn">Ronald G. Prinn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Centre for Global Change Science,<institution>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>, Cambridge,<addr-line>MA</addr-line> 02139;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Oherty, Simon" sort="O Oherty, Simon" uniqKey="O Oherty S" first="Simon" last="O Oherty">Simon O Oherty</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Chemistry,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1TS,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muhle, Jens" sort="Muhle, Jens" uniqKey="Muhle J" first="Jens" last="Mühle">Jens Mühle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Scripps Institution of Oceanography,<institution>University of California, San Diego</institution>, La Jolla,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 92093;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harth, Christina M" sort="Harth, Christina M" uniqKey="Harth C" first="Christina M." last="Harth">Christina M. Harth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Scripps Institution of Oceanography,<institution>University of California, San Diego</institution>, La Jolla,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 92093;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salameh, Peter K" sort="Salameh, Peter K" uniqKey="Salameh P" first="Peter K." last="Salameh">Peter K. Salameh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Scripps Institution of Oceanography,<institution>University of California, San Diego</institution>, La Jolla,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 92093;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arnold, Tim" sort="Arnold, Tim" uniqKey="Arnold T" first="Tim" last="Arnold">Tim Arnold</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Hadley Centre,<institution>Met Office</institution>, Exeter EX1 3PB,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weiss, Ray F" sort="Weiss, Ray F" uniqKey="Weiss R" first="Ray F." last="Weiss">Ray F. Weiss</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Scripps Institution of Oceanography,<institution>University of California, San Diego</institution>, La Jolla,<addr-line>CA</addr-line> 92093;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saito, Takuya" sort="Saito, Takuya" uniqKey="Saito T" first="Takuya" last="Saito">Takuya Saito</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Centre for Environmental Measurement and Analysis,<institution>National Institute for Environmental Studies</institution>, Tsukuba 305-8506,<country>Japan</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yokouchi, Yoko" sort="Yokouchi, Yoko" uniqKey="Yokouchi Y" first="Yoko" last="Yokouchi">Yoko Yokouchi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Centre for Environmental Measurement and Analysis,<institution>National Institute for Environmental Studies</institution>, Tsukuba 305-8506,<country>Japan</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krummel, Paul B" sort="Krummel, Paul B" uniqKey="Krummel P" first="Paul B." last="Krummel">Paul B. Krummel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research,<institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation</institution>, Aspendale, VIC 3195,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Steele, L Paul" sort="Steele, L Paul" uniqKey="Steele L" first="L. Paul" last="Steele">L. Paul Steele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research,<institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation</institution>, Aspendale, VIC 3195,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fraser, Paul J" sort="Fraser, Paul J" uniqKey="Fraser P" first="Paul J." last="Fraser">Paul J. Fraser</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Oceans & Atmosphere Flagship, Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research,<institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation</institution>, Aspendale, VIC 3195,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Shanlan" sort="Li, Shanlan" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shanlan" last="Li">Shanlan Li</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=" and" id="aff7">Kyungpook Institute of Oceanography</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Sunyoung" sort="Park, Sunyoung" uniqKey="Park S" first="Sunyoung" last="Park">Sunyoung Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Oceanography,<institution>Kyungpook National University</institution>, Sangju 742-711,<country>Republic of Korea</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reimann, Stefan" sort="Reimann, Stefan" uniqKey="Reimann S" first="Stefan" last="Reimann">Stefan Reimann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology,<institution>Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology</institution>, Dübendorf 8600,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vollmer, Martin K" sort="Vollmer, Martin K" uniqKey="Vollmer M" first="Martin K." last="Vollmer">Martin K. Vollmer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology,<institution>Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology</institution>, Dübendorf 8600,<country>Switzerland</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lunder, Chris" sort="Lunder, Chris" uniqKey="Lunder C" first="Chris" last="Lunder">Chris Lunder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Norwegian Institute for Air Research</institution>, 2027 Kjeller,<country>Norway</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hermansen, Ove" sort="Hermansen, Ove" uniqKey="Hermansen O" first="Ove" last="Hermansen">Ove Hermansen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Norwegian Institute for Air Research</institution>, 2027 Kjeller,<country>Norway</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidbauer, Norbert" sort="Schmidbauer, Norbert" uniqKey="Schmidbauer N" first="Norbert" last="Schmidbauer">Norbert Schmidbauer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Norwegian Institute for Air Research</institution>, 2027 Kjeller,<country>Norway</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maione, Michela" sort="Maione, Michela" uniqKey="Maione M" first="Michela" last="Maione">Michela Maione</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff11">Department of Basic Science and Foundations,<institution>University of Urbino</institution>, Urbino 61029,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution>National Inter-University Consortium for Physics of the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere</institution>, Tolentino 62029,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arduini, Jgor" sort="Arduini, Jgor" uniqKey="Arduini J" first="Jgor" last="Arduini">Jgor Arduini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff11">Department of Basic Science and Foundations,<institution>University of Urbino</institution>, Urbino 61029,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12"><institution>National Inter-University Consortium for Physics of the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere</institution>, Tolentino 62029,<country>Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Dickon" sort="Young, Dickon" uniqKey="Young D" first="Dickon" last="Young">Dickon Young</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Chemistry,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1TS,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simmonds, Peter G" sort="Simmonds, Peter G" uniqKey="Simmonds P" first="Peter G." last="Simmonds">Peter G. Simmonds</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Chemistry,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1TS,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="e-ISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are among the atmosphere’s fastest growing, and most potent, greenhouse gases. Proposals have been made to phase down their use over the coming decades. Such initiatives may largely be informed by existing emissions inventories, which, we show, are the subject of significant uncertainty. In this work, we use atmospheric models and measurements to examine the accuracy of these inventories for five major HFCs. We show that, when aggregated together, reported emissions of these HFCs from developed countries are consistent with the atmospheric measurements, and almost half of global emissions now originate from nonreporting countries. However, the agreement between our results and the inventory breaks down for individual HFC emissions, suggesting inaccuracies in the reporting methods for individual compounds.</p></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Corée du Sud</li><li>Italie</li><li>Japon</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Harth, Christina M" sort="Harth, Christina M" uniqKey="Harth C" first="Christina M." last="Harth">Christina M. Harth</name><name sortKey="Li, Shanlan" sort="Li, Shanlan" uniqKey="Li S" first="Shanlan" last="Li">Shanlan Li</name><name sortKey="Muhle, Jens" sort="Muhle, Jens" uniqKey="Muhle J" first="Jens" last="Mühle">Jens Mühle</name><name sortKey="Prinn, Ronald G" sort="Prinn, Ronald G" uniqKey="Prinn R" first="Ronald G." last="Prinn">Ronald G. Prinn</name><name sortKey="Salameh, Peter K" sort="Salameh, Peter K" uniqKey="Salameh P" first="Peter K." last="Salameh">Peter K. Salameh</name><name sortKey="Weiss, Ray F" sort="Weiss, Ray F" uniqKey="Weiss R" first="Ray F." last="Weiss">Ray F. Weiss</name></noCountry><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lunt, Mark F" sort="Lunt, Mark F" uniqKey="Lunt M" first="Mark F." last="Lunt">Mark F. Lunt</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Arnold, Tim" sort="Arnold, Tim" uniqKey="Arnold T" first="Tim" last="Arnold">Tim Arnold</name><name sortKey="Ganesan, Anita L" sort="Ganesan, Anita L" uniqKey="Ganesan A" first="Anita L." last="Ganesan">Anita L. Ganesan</name><name sortKey="Manning, Alistair J" sort="Manning, Alistair J" uniqKey="Manning A" first="Alistair J." last="Manning">Alistair J. Manning</name><name sortKey="O Oherty, Simon" sort="O Oherty, Simon" uniqKey="O Oherty S" first="Simon" last="O Oherty">Simon O Oherty</name><name sortKey="Rigby, Matthew" sort="Rigby, Matthew" uniqKey="Rigby M" first="Matthew" last="Rigby">Matthew Rigby</name><name sortKey="Simmonds, Peter G" sort="Simmonds, Peter G" uniqKey="Simmonds P" first="Peter G." last="Simmonds">Peter G. Simmonds</name><name sortKey="Young, Dickon" sort="Young, Dickon" uniqKey="Young D" first="Dickon" last="Young">Dickon Young</name></country><country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Saito, Takuya" sort="Saito, Takuya" uniqKey="Saito T" first="Takuya" last="Saito">Takuya Saito</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Yokouchi, Yoko" sort="Yokouchi, Yoko" uniqKey="Yokouchi Y" first="Yoko" last="Yokouchi">Yoko Yokouchi</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Krummel, Paul B" sort="Krummel, Paul B" uniqKey="Krummel P" first="Paul B." last="Krummel">Paul B. Krummel</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Fraser, Paul J" sort="Fraser, Paul J" uniqKey="Fraser P" first="Paul J." last="Fraser">Paul J. Fraser</name><name sortKey="Steele, L Paul" sort="Steele, L Paul" uniqKey="Steele L" first="L. Paul" last="Steele">L. Paul Steele</name></country><country name="Corée du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Park, Sunyoung" sort="Park, Sunyoung" uniqKey="Park S" first="Sunyoung" last="Park">Sunyoung Park</name></noRegion></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Reimann, Stefan" sort="Reimann, Stefan" uniqKey="Reimann S" first="Stefan" last="Reimann">Stefan Reimann</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Vollmer, Martin K" sort="Vollmer, Martin K" uniqKey="Vollmer M" first="Martin K." last="Vollmer">Martin K. Vollmer</name></country><country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lunder, Chris" sort="Lunder, Chris" uniqKey="Lunder C" first="Chris" last="Lunder">Chris Lunder</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hermansen, Ove" sort="Hermansen, Ove" uniqKey="Hermansen O" first="Ove" last="Hermansen">Ove Hermansen</name><name sortKey="Schmidbauer, Norbert" sort="Schmidbauer, Norbert" uniqKey="Schmidbauer N" first="Norbert" last="Schmidbauer">Norbert Schmidbauer</name></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Maione, Michela" sort="Maione, Michela" uniqKey="Maione M" first="Michela" last="Maione">Michela Maione</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Arduini, Jgor" sort="Arduini, Jgor" uniqKey="Arduini J" first="Jgor" last="Arduini">Jgor Arduini</name><name sortKey="Arduini, Jgor" sort="Arduini, Jgor" uniqKey="Arduini J" first="Jgor" last="Arduini">Jgor Arduini</name><name sortKey="Maione, Michela" sort="Maione, Michela" uniqKey="Maione M" first="Michela" last="Maione">Michela Maione</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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